Dry skin can be caused by a combination of internal and external factors. But which ones are affecting you, and how can you combat it?

Dry skin is typically thinner and lacks essential moisture and lipids, leading to an impaired barrier function. This can result in rough, flaky patches, along with tightness, irritation, and redness. In more severe cases, very dry skin can become irritated, itchy, and even crack, making it especially uncomfortable.​⬤

The Causes of Dry Skin: Understanding and Managing It

Dry skin can result from a variety of internal and external factors. While some people are genetically predisposed to it, environmental influences—like changing seasons—can also play a significant role in how your skin looks and feels.

External Factors Causing Dry Skin

Dry Skin in Winter 

Winter can be especially harsh on your skin. The constant switch between cold, damp air outdoors and dry, heated air indoors strains the skin, leading to dry patches on the face and hands. Cold weather also constricts blood vessels, reducing the flow of nutrients to the skin and weakening its natural protective barrier. If you already have dry skin, this seasonal shift can cause extreme dryness. Much like the sun, cold weather can even “burn” the skin.

Dry Skin in Summer

Summer heat can also sap moisture from the skin. High temperatures and frequent sweating cause additional dehydration. Without proper protection, the sun’s rays weaken the skin’s natural barrier, leaving it dry, tight, and irritated. Sun damage can result in flaky or itchy patches, and repeated sunburns not only dry out the skin but also increase the risk of long-term damage, including skin cancer. However, with the right precautions, sunlight can boost vitamin D levels and benefit the skin. 

Dry Skin from Improper Skincare

Dry skin requires special care to protect it from external elements. Opt for moisturizing products and choose gentle cleansers. Avoid oil-free cleansing gels, which can strip away essential moisture. Because dry skin is more sensitive, it’s important to use exfoliating products sparingly, rather than over-exfoliating and causing further irritation.

Dry Skin from Water Exposure

While water helps cleanse the skin, excessive exposure can strip it of natural oils and moisture, leaving your skin feeling tight and uncomfortable.

Dry Skin from Fabrics 

Tight clothing can lead to dry, itchy, flaky skin by trapping sweat and restricting airflow. Rough fabrics or those with chemical additives can irritate the skin, exacerbating dryness through friction and abrasion.

Internal Factors Contributing to Dry Skin

Dehydration

Insufficient fluid intake directly impacts the skin’s moisture levels. When you don’t drink enough water, your skin loses hydration, becoming dry and prone to further moisture loss. Stay hydrated throughout the day, and don’t wait until you’re thirsty to start sipping.

Excessive Sweating

Sweating causes the body to lose both salt and fluids, which can make the skin feel tight, red, and dry. Drinking water replenishes lost moisture from within, while hydrating creams restore it externally. Keep in mind, frequent alcohol consumption can lead to increased sweating, which may dry out your skin even more.

Nicotine Use

Smoking takes a toll on the skin, causing it to appear dry, pale, and dull. The nicotine in cigarettes damages skin tissue and blood vessels, leading to poor circulation and prematurely visible wrinkles.

Stress

Stress affects more than just your mood—it disrupts hormone levels and fluid balance, which can quickly show up on your skin. Prolonged stress often results in dry patches, paleness, and blemishes.

Hormonal Changes

Fluctuating hormone levels—especially in women—have a major impact on skin health. Hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause can lead to skin becoming either oilier or drier. As women age, the skin often becomes drier due to hormonal shifts, and the natural aging process accelerates this.

Aging and Dry Skin

As we grow older, our skin naturally produces less oil and retains less moisture. Cell renewal slows down, making the skin thinner and more prone to dryness and wrinkles. If you’ve had dry skin throughout life, this process can be even more pronounced.

How to Combat Dry Skin

Now that you know the common causes of dry skin, it’s easier to take steps to care for it. With the right skincare routine, you can help your skin stay hydrated, smooth, and healthy.

Dry Skin on the Face 

Use products specifically formulated for dry skin, like hydrating cleansers, rich face creams, and moisturizing eye care. This will help soothe and soften rough, dry patches on your face.

Dry, Flaky Skin on the Legs 

The legs are particularly prone to dryness due to fewer sebaceous glands. Tight clothing and frequent shaving can exacerbate this. Incorporate regular exfoliation to remove dead skin cells and follow up with a rich body lotion to keep your legs soft. Don’t forget to care for dry areas like elbows as well!

By understanding the causes of dry skin and making small adjustments to your routine, you can protect your skin’s moisture barrier and maintain a healthy, radiant complexion year-round.​ 

OUR FAVORITE CARE PRODUCTS FOR DRY SKIN: